Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans (2024)

Ocean Facts

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Pufferfish are a variety of fish that usually reside in tropical or subtropical ocean waters.

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans (1)

There are many kinds of pufferfish within the pufferfish species, which might leave you wondering, “Are pufferfish poisonous?”

Read on for the answer to this question and more!

Table of Contents

What Is a Puffer Fish?

Pufferfish are scaleless fish that have rough to spiky skin.

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans (2)

There are over 120 species worldwide, and most live in tropical or subtropical oceans, but there are freshwater species like the freshwater giant puffer.

You can categorize these tropical fish by their slow swimming style, highly elastic stomachs, and ability to ingest large amounts of water to create their bloated appearance in the face of danger.

Many puffer fish have stripes or wild coloring to signal their poisonous nature, while others have more muted and cryptic colors to blend in with their surroundings.

Some varieties are known as pygmy puffers because they are small, but they can be up to two feet long.

Pufferfish are poisonous; one pufferfish contains enough deadly toxins to kill 30 humans.

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans (3)

Almost all varieties contain a toxin called tetrodotoxin, which makes them taste terrible and is often lethal to most predator fish who attempt to eat them.

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous To Touch?

The toxins in puffer fish that are lethal for humans can sit on the skin and in its intestines, like the liver and reproductive organs. The toxin migrates from the inside to the skin when it is frozen and then thawed.

What Part of a Puffer Fish Is Poisonous?

Pufferfish hold the toxin within their organs. It can migrate to their skin’s surface when caught, killed, frozen, and thawed for consumption.

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans (4)

In some cases, the toxin spreads through ill-prepared puffer fish made in a culinary setting with contaminated meat; this can take a person’s life. One incorrect cut can lead to the toxin spreading from the organs to the meat, which is deadly to the consumer.

10 Puffer Fish Facts

Here are ten puffer fish facts to know!

  • In Japan, the meat of some varieties of puffer fish is considered a delicacy! Only specially trained and licensed chefs can prepare and serve the fish to customers.
  • The toxin in puffer fish is up to 1,200 more deadly to humans than cyanide.
  • When a puffer fish puffs up, they grow several times its size and become virtually inedible.
  • Due to the poisonous nature of the puffer fish, the United States enforces heavy restrictions on the importation of puffer fish. According to an FDA health advisory, personal importation is prohibited.
  • Poisonous puffer fish toxins are central nervous system toxins and can not be destroyed by cooking or freezing.
  • The diet of puffer fish includes invertebrates and algae such as mussels, shellfish, and clams. They are considered carnivores.
  • All puffer fish varieties have only four teeth! These teeth are fused in a beak-like way, which allows them to break into invertebrate shells.
  • Though puffer fish are known to be clumsy swimmers, they are also fast. They can reach top speeds of 30 miles per hour when swimming!
  • If you have small varieties of puffer fish in a home aquarium, you must keep them separate from other fish because they will eat smaller fish and bite the fins of larger fish.
  • Due to their deadly toxins, these are the most poisonous fish in the sea!

Frequently Asked Questions

Do you still have questions about puffer fish? Let’s look at the answers to some frequently asked questions.

What happens if you get poked by a pufferfish?

If a puffer fish pokes you with their spiky flesh, especially while they are puffed out, you will likely suffer severe damage to your hands that could lead to death. Their spikes also contain their deadly poison, so if you are pricked with one, it could spell trouble.

Can you survive puffer fish poison?

The short answer is no. Humans can not survive being poisoned by pufferfish. There is also no known antidote.

The rare instances where people are allowed to prepare and eat puffer fish still carry hefty possibilities of death with them. The death rate from food poisoning due to ill-prepared puffer fish is 2.8%, which is high.

puffer fish

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans (2024)

FAQs

Are Puffer Fish Poisonous? - American Oceans? ›

The Northern Puffer is a club-shaped fish that puffs up into a ball in self-defense. Unlike many other pufferfish species, the flesh of the Northern Puffer is not poisonous, however, some scientists believe there are low-level toxins in the skin and organs. It is commonly found in Rhode Island waters.

Are American puffer fish poisonous? ›

Puffer fish contain a toxin called tetrodotoxin, one of the most deadly natural poisons. Found on the skin and internal organs of the puffer fish, the toxin is approximately 1,200 times more poisonous than cyanide.

Does America have puffer fish? ›

The northern puffer, Spho*roides spheroides, is a species in the family Tetraodontidae, or pufferfishes, found along the Atlantic coast of North America.

Can you eat blowfish in the US? ›

Not totally banned, but you do need a license to sell or serve puffer fish in the U.S. Called "fugu" and served as a delicacy in Japan, puffer fish (AKA blowfish) can be deadly if not prepared properly. According to the FDA: "[S]ome puffer fish contain the toxins tetrodotoxin and/or saxitoxin.

Are puffer fish in North Carolina poisonous to touch? ›

The Northern Puffer is not deadly poisonous like its tropical counterparts and has been eaten by humans for years. However, some scientists believe there are low-level toxins in the skin and organs.

Is it OK to touch a puffer fish? ›

The pufferfish's skin is covered in spines and spikes, which are exceedingly hazardous. Carry a toxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which is deadly to other fish and humans. You should avoid touching a pufferfish, especially if it is "puffed out." Your hands could be damaged and you could die.

Are there poisonous puffer fish in Florida? ›

Puffer fish caught in Florida waters have been found to contain a naturally occurring toxic substances, Saxitoxin (STX), which can cause serious illness if eaten.

What oceans are pufferfish found in? ›

There are more than 100 species of Puffer fish. They can be found in tropical waters all over the world, such as the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea. Only 18 species have been recorded in the Maldives. They are mostly bottom fishes that live on either reefs or sand flats.

What is the difference between blowfish and puffer fish? ›

Pufferfish can inflate into a ball shape to evade predators. Also known as blowfish, these clumsy swimmers fill their elastic stomachs with huge amounts of water (and sometimes air) and blow themselves up to several times their normal size. Some pufferfish species also have spines on their skin to ward off predators.

Where do poisonous puffer fish live? ›

Most are found in tropical and subtropical ocean waters, but some species live in brackish and even fresh water. They have long, tapered bodies with bulbous heads. Some wear wild markings and colors to advertise their toxicity, while others have more muted or cryptic coloring to blend in with their environment.

Has anyone survived fugu? ›

The poison, a sodium channel blocker, paralyzes the muscles while the victim stays fully conscious; the poisoned victim is unable to breathe, and eventually dies from asphyxiation. There is no known antidote for fugu poison.

Which puffer fish are not poisonous? ›

The Northern Puffer is a club-shaped fish that puffs up into a ball in self-defense. Unlike many other pufferfish species, the flesh of the Northern Puffer is not poisonous, however, some scientists believe there are low-level toxins in the skin and organs.

Can you survive puffer fish? ›

The amount required to kill a person is aid to be around 10,000 mouse units. Assuming 1,000 mouse units of poison per gram of pufferfish, just 10 grams is enough to cause death. The liver and ovaries of pufferfish exceed 10,000 mouse units per gram, meaning the tiniest amount will cause poisoning and can lead to death.

What do I do if I catch a puffer fish? ›

Cut the skin around the head, slide your fingers under the skin and pull to the tail in one fast motion. Cut the loose skin and remove the head. Now you are ready to cook your blowfish.

Are puffer fish safe to swim with? ›

Pufferfish may look slow and steady and even “cute” when swimming around on the reef. However, these are one of the most deadly species of fish.

What if you get stung by a puffer fish? ›

If you happen to step on a puffer fish, it's important to seek medical attention immediately. The venom from a puffer fish can cause a range of symptoms, including numbness, tingling, weakness, difficulty breathing, and even paralysis. In severe cases, it can be fatal if left untreated.

How poisonous are puffer fish to humans? ›

The toxin is deadly to humans. There is enough poison in one pufferfish to kill 30 adult humans, and there is no known antidote.

Is it safe to Swim with puffer fish? ›

The puffer fish contains a toxin called tetrodotoxin, which is highly toxic and can be lethal.

Which puffer fish is poisonous? ›

For example, the edible species in the Lagocephalus genus and the Takifugu poecilonotus (Finepatterned puffer) closely resemble the poisonous Lagocephalus lunaris and Takifugu alboplumbeus. These latter contain poison not only in their livers but also muscles and skin and have resulted in accidents in the past.

What happens if I step on a dead puffer fish? ›

If you happen to step on a puffer fish, it's important to seek medical attention immediately. The venom from a puffer fish can cause a range of symptoms, including numbness, tingling, weakness, difficulty breathing, and even paralysis. In severe cases, it can be fatal if left untreated.

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